/**
 * Remove certain categories on post loop for a specific post
 * @param array $categories Array of categories
 * @return array $categories filtred categories
 */
function wpdocs_remove_selected_categories( $categories ) {
	if ( 5 == get_the_ID() ) { // Check if it is a specific post.
		
		$categories_to_remove = array(
			'cat-slug-a',
			'cat-slug-b'
		); // Array of categories slug to be remove.

		foreach ( $categories as $index => $single_cat ) {

			if ( in_array( $single_cat->slug, $categories_to_remove ) ) {
				unset( $categories[ $index ] ); // Remove the category.
			}
		}
	}
	
	return $categories;
}
add_filter( 'get_the_categories', 'wpdocs_remove_selected_categories' );